Ukraine was working Saturday to restore electricity to hospitals, heating systems and other critical infrastructure in major cities after Russia's latest wave of attacks on the power grid prompted accusations of "war crimes."
The volley of missiles unleashed Friday pitched multiple cities into darkness, cutting water and heat and forcing people to endure freezing cold.
In the capital, where the mayor said only a third of residents had heat or water, people wrapped in winter coats crammed into underground metro stations after air raid sirens rang out in the morning.
"I woke up, I saw a rocket in the sky," Kyiv resident 25-year-old Lada Korovai said. "I saw it and understood that I have to go to the tube."
Ukraine's national energy provider said its system had lost more than half its capacity after strikes targeted "backbone networks and generation facilities."
Ukrenergo warned the extent of the damage in the north, south and centre of the country meant it could take longer to restore supplies than after previous hits.
"Priority will be given to critical infrastructure: hospitals, water supply facilities, heat supply facilities, sewage treatment plants," Ukrenergo said in a statement Friday.
By evening, second city Kharkiv had restored power to just 55 per cent of residents, with plans to have a fully operational grid by midnight.
After a series of embarrassing battlefield defeats, Russia has since October pursued an aerial onslaught against what Moscow says are military-linked facilities.
But France and the European Union said the suffering inflicted on freezing civilians constitutes war crimes, with the bloc's foreign policy chief calling the bombings "barbaric."
"These cruel, inhumane attacks aim to increase human suffering and deprive Ukrainian people," Josep Borrell said.
'Biggest' missile attack
Russia fired 74 missiles — mainly cruise missiles — on Friday, 60 of which were shot down by anti-aircraft defence, according to the Ukrainian army.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said the strikes left capital Kyiv and 14 regions affected by power and water cuts.
He called for "increased pressure" from the West on the Kremlin and for more air defence systems.
"Our power engineers and repair crews have already started working during the air alert and are doing everything possible to restore generation and supply. It takes time. But it will be (done)," Zelensky said.
In the central city of Kryvyi Rig, where Zelensky was born, the airstrikes hit a residential building.
"A 64-year-old woman and a young couple died. Their little son still remains under the rubble of the house," the region's Governor Valentyn Reznichenko said, adding that 13 others had been wounded.
Oleksandr Starukh, head of the frontline Zaporizhzhia region, home to Europe's largest nuclear power plant, said his territory had been targeted by more than a dozen Russian missiles.
Kyiv, meanwhile, withstood one of the biggest missile attacks since the beginning of the full-scale invasion. Regional officials said their air-defence forces had shot down 37 out of 40 missiles.
Kyiv Mayor Vitali Klitschko said only 40 per cent of people had electricity and that the metro had stopped running so people could shelter underground.
'Survive winter'
With about half of Ukraine's energy grid damaged, the national operator warned Friday of emergency blackouts.
In Ukrainian-held Bakhmut — an eastern city at the epicentre of the war — some residents received wood stoves distributed by volunteers, AFP journalists said.
Oleksandra, 85, braved the cold to collect medication at a nearby pharmacy in the Donetsk region city.
"I'll survive winter. I'll just walk more to get warm," the old woman told AFP.
In the south, fresh Russian shelling in Kherson, recently recaptured by Ukraine, killed one person and wounded three more.
Kherson has been subjected to persistent Russian shelling since Moscow's forces retreated in November, and power was cut in the city earlier this week.
On Thursday, Russian attacks killed 14 people, deputy head of the president's office Kyrylo Tymoshenko said.
In the Russian-controlled region of Lugansk in eastern Ukraine, Moscow-installed officials said shelling from Kyiv's forces had killed eight and wounded 23.
"The enemy is conducting barbaric shelling of cities and districts of the republic," the Russian-installed leader of Lugansk Leonid Pasechnik said on social media.
Protracted war
Moscow has said the strikes on Ukrainian infrastructure are a response to an explosion on the Kerch bridge connecting the Russian mainland to the Crimean peninsula.
The Kremlin has said it holds Kyiv ultimately responsible for the humanitarian impact for refusing Russian negotiation terms.
Ukrainian defence officials said this week that their forces had shot down more than a dozen Iranian-made attack drones launched at Kyiv, a sign that Western-supplied systems are having an impact.
Ukrainian military leaders have warned Moscow is preparing for a major winter offensive, including a fresh attempt to take Kyiv.
Aiming to push Moscow to the negotiating table, the EU on Friday imposed further sanctions, adding restrictions on the export of drone engines to Russia or countries like Iran looking to supply Moscow with weapons.
But NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg told AFP that Russia was readying for a protracted war.
"We see that they are mobilising more forces, that they are willing to suffer also a lot of casualties, that they are trying to get access to more weapons and ammunition," he said.
