Velha Goa: Former capital of Portuguese India

Nestled along the banks of the Mandovi River in the western Indian state of Goa lies a hidden gem that takes you back in time. Velha Goa, also known as Old Goa, was once the capital of the Portuguese Empire in the East. Today, it stands as a testament to the rich cultural and architectural heritage left behind by its colonial past.

Velha Goa was established by the Bijapur Sultanate in the 15th century and later captured by the Portuguese in 1510. Under Portuguese rule, it flourished as a bustling city and a major trading hub. However, its glory days were short-lived, and by the mid-17th century, epidemics and a decline in trade led to its gradual decline. The capital was shifted to Panaji (Panjim), and Velha Goa was left in ruins.

Despite its state of decay, Velha Goa retains its charm and offers a glimpse into its glorious past. The city is home to numerous well-preserved churches, convents, and cathedrals that showcase the architectural marvels of the colonial era.

One of the most iconic landmarks in Velha Goa is the Basilica of Bom Jesus. Built in the late 16th century, this UNESCO World Heritage site houses the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier, a revered figure in Catholicism. The imposing facade and the ornate interiors of the basilica are a sight to behold. The intricate woodwork, gilded altars, and beautiful frescoes make it a must-visit for art and history enthusiasts.

Adjacent to the Basilica of Bom Jesus is the Se Cathedral, one of the largest churches in Asia. With its Portuguese-Gothic architecture, the cathedral is a marvel of craftsmanship. The golden bell, known as the “Golden Bell of Goa,” is another highlight of this cathedral. Legend has it that its sound could be heard up to 14 miles away.

The Church of St. Cajetan, modeled after St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, is another architectural gem in Velha Goa. Its Corinthian columns, intricate carvings, and stunning frescoes transport visitors to a different era. The church stands as a testament to the influence of European architectural styles on Goan churches.

Apart from its religious structures, Velha Goa is also home to the Archaeological Museum, which houses a remarkable collection of artifacts and sculptures dating back to the Kadamba and Vijayanagara periods. The museum provides valuable insights into the region’s ancient history and its cultural connections with different dynasties.

The ancient Viceroy’s Arch, a grand gateway that once marked the entrance to the city, still stands strong, greeting visitors as they enter Velha Goa. The arch is a symbol of the city’s colonial past and offers a picturesque backdrop for photography enthusiasts.

A stroll through the narrow streets of Velha Goa reveals quaint Portuguese-style houses and winding lanes that exude an old-world charm. The area around the city is dotted with beautiful coconut palm groves and scenic vistas, providing a tranquil escape from the bustling cities of Goa.

Velha Goa has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, and efforts are being made to preserve its rich legacy. Restoration work has been undertaken to revive some of the decaying structures, ensuring that future generations can continue to marvel at the architectural wonders of the past.

For history buffs and culture aficionados, Velha Goa is a treasure trove waiting to be explored. Its awe-inspiring churches, grand cathedrals, and fascinating museums provide a glimpse into the region’s colonial history and make it a must-visit destination in Goa.

Editorial Desk