China passes 'patriot' electoral reforms for Hong Kong

China has passed several changes to Hong Kong's electoral rules which will tighten its control over the city, state media has said.

The aim of the reforms is to ensure that only "patriotic" figures can run for positions of power.

The changes mean that prospective MPs will first be vetted for their loyalty to the mainland.

Critics warn it will mean the end of democracy, as it removes all opposition from the city parliament.

Beijing's rubber-stamp parliament first approved the plan during the National People's Congress (NPC) meetings earlier in March.

On Tuesday, Chinese state media reported that the country's top decision-making body, the NPC Standing Committee, voted unanimously to pass it. This amends the annexes of Hong Kong's mini-constitution, the Basic Law.

Details of the plan are expected to be announced shortly, and Hong Kong's leader Carrie Lam is due to hold a press conference.

What are the changes, and what do they mean for Hong Kong?

Media reports have indicated that Hong Kong's parliamentary Legislative Council (LegCo) will be changed, effectively making it easier to bar politicians deemed critical of Beijing.

All prospective candidates will be vetted, and the influence of democratically-elected members in LegCo is likely to be diluted.

The changes come months after several opposition lawmakers were disqualified, which led to the entire opposition in LegCo resigning.

If a future veto keeps critics out of LegCo, such public embarrassments would be much less likely.

Several local elections are coming up in 2021, although it's not clear yet when the reforms would take effect.

What's the background?

Britain handed back Hong Kong to China in 1997, and the Basic Law was created under the handover agreement under the "one country, two systems" principle.

This essentially gives Hong Kong more freedoms than the mainland, freedoms which are supposed to remain intact until 2047.

But in recent years Beijing has gradually stepped up its influence on Hong Kong.

After years of pro-democracy protests, fresh demonstrations in 2019 escalated into waves of violence between activists and police - and major gains for the opposition in local elections.

In 2020, Beijing then passed a controversial national security law, also adding it to a Basic Law annex, which essentially reduced Hong Kong's judicial autonomy and made it easier to punish demonstrators.

Since then, a string of critics have been arrested under the law, which carries life in prison as a maximum sentence.

Critics have alleged that with these moves to assert more control over Hong Kong, China is undermining the "one country, two systems" principle, but Beijing denies this.

For example, there is controversy over whether the "patriot" electoral reforms change the Basic Law and violate the handover agreement.

While Hong Kong's pro-Beijing camp says the changes do not have an impact on the mini-constitution, as only its annexes are being amended, the pro-democracy side insists they do.

"Technically, it's not a change to the Basic Law," Ian Chong, politics professor at the National University of Singapore, told the BBC.

"But in terms of [affecting] the spirit of having competitive elections and moving towards universal suffrage, it would be."

(BBC)