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Universal Music Group’s shares leapt more than a third in their stock market debut on Tuesday as investors bet a boom in music streaming still has a long way to run.
By revenue, Universal Music Group or UMG is the largest of the “big three” record labels. It represents a huge range of musicians and song catalogues, from Billie Eilish to The Rolling Stones and Bob Dylan.
Major competitors include Sony Music, part of Sony , and Warner Music Group . The “big three” are estimated to account for just under 60 per cent of global sales generated by music rights from their catalogues.
Universal started out in the early 1930s when British label Decca Records set up a U.S. branch, which later merged with other music companies. In 2011 Universal swooped on EMI’s recorded music business for $1.9 billion, giving it access to catalogues for The Beatles, Radiohead and Pink Floyd.
Universal is benefiting from a boom in streaming revenues, with young music fans in particular relying on their smartphones to listen to songs. It makes money from subscription services through deals with the likes of Spotify .
It also has deals in place with ad-based social media companies such as TikTok and YouTube to compensate artists for the use of their songs in “user-generated content” on those platforms - though the terms of those deals are not public.
While digital piracy cut into music sales in the first decade of the century, Universal is now pushing into areas such as social media platforms which use its music, such as TikTok, as well as fitness applications and video games.
Universal still faces competition from independent labels and startups looking to release music in a purely digital fashion. The company said in its listing prospectus that it expected to grow its streaming business in markets such as South Korea, Brazil, India and Russia.
The listing
Universal was spun off by French media group Vivendi. Vivendi’s investors, including its controlling shareholder Vincent Bollore, received 60 per cent of the shares of Universal after it listed in Amsterdam.
Universal saw its market value leap to almost 47 billion euros ($55 billion) on Tuesday in Europe’s largest listing of the year.
Vivendi will continue to hold 10 per cent of Universal after the transaction. A consortium led by China’s Tencent will have 20 per cent and billionaire hedge fund investor William Ackman’s Pershing Square Holdings will hold 10 per cent.
Bollore and Tencent have agreed to consult each other on matters such as dividend policy and some aspects of the board ahead of general meetings, Universal said in its prospectus.
