Home-based workers became younger, more diverse in pandemic

People working from home became younger, more diverse, better educated and more likely to move during the worst part of the Covid-19 pandemic, according to survey data from the US Census Bureau.

In many respects, the demographic makeup of people working from home from 2019 to 2021 became more like workers who were commuting, while the share of the US labor force working from home went from 5.7per cent in 2019 to 17.9per cent in 2021, as restrictions were implemented to help slow the spread of the virus, according to a report released last week based on American Community Survey data.

“The increase in homebased workers corresponded with a decline in drivers, carpoolers, transit riders, and most other types of commuters,” the report said.

The share of people working from home between ages 25 and 34 jumped from 16per cent to 23per cent from 2019 to 2021. The share of home-based workers who are Black went from 7.8per cent to 9.5per cent, and it went from 5.7per cent to 9.6per cent for Asian workers. It remained flat for Hispanic workers, the report said.

The share of home-based workers with a college degree also jumped from just over half to more than two-thirds, and people working from home were more likely to have moved in the past year than commuters.

The two industry groups that saw the greatest jumps in people working from home were in information, where it went from 10.4per cent to 42per cent, and finance, insurance and real estate, going from 10.8per cent to 38.4per cent. Professional and administrative services, also went from 12.6per cent to 36.5per cent.

The smallest gains were in agriculture and mining; entertainment and food services; and armed forces.

While every income level saw jumps in people working from home, those in the highest income bracket were most likely to work from home. While it doubled from 2019 to 2021 for workers in the lowest income bracket, it tripled for those in the highest, the report said.

Home-based work also varied by region. By 2021, it was more prevalent in the West and Northeast, making up about a fifth of the workforce, compared to 16.2per cent in the South and 15.8per cent in the Midwest. The variation may have been caused by the availability of Internet access, the cluster of information technology jobs on the coasts and the way people commute, whether by car or public transportation, the report said.