Home ›› World ›› South Asia
India's journey towards global maritime prominence has reached a historic pinnacle with nine of its ports securing positions in the prestigious Global Top 100 Container Ports list, as per the 2023 Container Port Performance Index (CPPI) by the World Bank and S&P Global Market Intelligence.
This milestone underscores India's robust strides in modernising its port infrastructure, with Visakhapatnam Port catapulting into the Top 20, claiming the 19th spot from a modest 115th in 2022. Similarly, Mundra Port's ascent to 27th place, up from 48th previously, highlights the nation's commitment to enhancing operational efficiencies and bolstering global trade connectivity, according to a press release.
The inclusion of seven other Indian ports, Pipavav (41), Kamarajar (47), Cochin (63), Hazira (68), Krishnapatnam (71), Chennai (80), and Jawaharlal Nehru (96) further reinforces India's comprehensive efforts towards transforming its maritime landscape. This achievement not only reflects the effectiveness of strategic initiatives but also signifies a momentous leap towards positioning India as a formidable player in the global maritime arena.
India Leads in South Asia's Global Maritime Presence
India's impressive representation makes it a Maritime Leader in the South Asian countries as out of the total 11 major ports in the list of Global Top 100 Container Ports, India has 9, making notable contributions to the global maritime arena. Sri Lanka's Colombo Port, a crucial transhipment hub in the Indian Ocean, has secured the 40th position, highlighting its strategic importance and operational efficiency. Pakistan's Karachi Port has the 61st position in the top 100 container ports. India’s large presence reflects its growing capabilities in handling substantial cargo volumes and improving logistics infrastructure. This emphasises India’s significant contribution to the South Asian region's economic development and global trade dynamics.
India’s steady strides to build trade infrastructure
Strong ports enhance trade efficiency: Improved port performance reduces turnaround time and berth idle time, leading to faster and more efficient handling of cargo. For example, Visakhapatnam Port reported 27.5 moves per crane hour and a turnaround time of 21.4 hours, showcasing its efficiency in managing container ships. This improvement in operational metrics can significantly influence customer preference, making Indian ports more attractive to global shipping lines.
Support economic growth: efficient ports are critical to support the growth of manufacturing and logistics sectors. They attract investment in production and distribution systems, create employment opportunities, and increase income levels. The development of high-quality port infrastructure fosters confidence among investors, support economic growth strategies. As India is the fastest-growing economy among the major economies, the competitive port infrastructure will strengthen India’s growth trajectory.
Increase global competitiveness: high-performing ports contribute to reducing trade costs, and enhance India's competitiveness in global markets. Efficient port operations will also lower the cost of imports and exports, which will boost India’s trade volumes and promote economic growth to the next level. This competitiveness is crucial for India as it strives to position itself as a major player in global trade.
Strengthen sustainability and resilience: the Sagarmala programmer’s focus on incorporating new technology and green infrastructure ensures the sustainability of India's maritime industry. By building resilience and improving efficiency, Indian ports can better withstand global market fluctuations and contribute to stable and sustainable supply chains.
Strategic economic hubs: Ports like Mundra and Visakhapatnam are becoming strategic economic hubs, facilitating international trade routes and serving as critical nodes in global supply chains. This strategic importance not only enhances their operational significance but also boosts the economic profile of the regions they serve.
Dynamics of port breakthrough
The success of Indian ports is a collaborative effort involving multiple stakeholders. The central government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has played a pivotal role in this achievement. The government's vision and strategic initiatives, such as the Sagarmala programme, have been instrumental in driving port modernisation and efficiency in the country.
Port authorities across India have worked tirelessly to implement the government's vision. They have invested in infrastructure upgrades, technology adoption, and process improvements to enhance port performance. The involvement of the private sector has been crucial. Private companies have brought in investments, expertise, and innovative practices that have significantly contributed to the modernisation and efficiency of ports. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been particularly effective in this regard.
India’s collaboration with international organisations and experts has provided valuable insights and best practices. The World Bank and S&P Global Market Intelligence, through their CPPI, have provided benchmarks and performance metrics that have guided Indian ports in their improvement efforts.
Sagarmala Programme
The Sagarmala programme is at the heart of India's port modernisation efforts. Launched in 2015, the programme aims to promote port-led development by enhancing port infrastructure, optimising the logistics chain, and integrating ports with industrial clusters. Key components of the programme include:
Port Modernisation: Upgrading existing ports and developing new ports to handle increased cargo volumes efficiently.
Connectivity Enhancement: Improving road, rail, and inland waterway connectivity to and from ports to ensure seamless movement of goods.
Port-led Industrialisation: Developing industrial clusters around ports to create synergies between manufacturing and port operations.
Coastal Community Development: Empowering coastal communities through skill development and employment opportunities.
India has a coastline spanning 7,517 kilometres, dotted with 12 major and 205 notified minor and intermediate ports. Major ports are under the jurisdiction of the central government, while minor and intermediate ports fall under the jurisdiction of the respective state governments.
Technological Advancements: The adoption of advanced technologies in India has played a critical role in improving port efficiency. Technologies such as automated container handling systems, digital tracking and monitoring, and advanced cargo handling equipment have reduced turnaround times and improved operational efficiency.
Process Optimisation: Streamlining port operations and administrative processes in India has led to significant improvements in efficiency. Initiatives such as the implementation of single-window clearance systems, electronic data interchange (EDI) systems, and integrated port management systems have reduced bureaucratic delays and enhanced coordination.
Skill Development: In India, investing in the training and development of the workforce has been a priority. Skilled personnel are essential for operating advanced equipment and managing modern port operations. Training programs and capacity-building initiatives have ensured that port staff are well-equipped to handle the demands of modern port infrastructure.
Attractiveness of Indian Ports: India's strategic location along major international shipping routes makes its ports attractive for global trade. Ports like Mundra, Visakhapatnam, and Jawaharlal Nehru are strategically positioned to serve as transshipment hubs and gateways to the vast Indian market.
Infrastructure Investments: Significant investments in port infrastructure have made Indian ports capable of handling large volumes of cargo efficiently. Modernised terminals, deepened harbors, and expanded berths have enhanced the capacity and capability of Indian ports.
Government Support: Proactive government policies and support have created a conducive environment for the growth of the maritime sector. Incentives for private investments, streamlined regulatory processes, and a focus on ease of doing business have made Indian ports attractive to global investors and shipping companies.
Sustainability Initiatives: The emphasis on green infrastructure and sustainability has added to the attractiveness of Indian ports. Initiatives such as the adoption of renewable energy sources, waste management systems, and eco-friendly practices have positioned Indian ports as responsible and sustainable players in the global maritime industry.
In conclusion, the remarkable achievement of nine Indian ports making it to the Global Top 100 Container Ports list is a testament to the successful implementation of strategic initiatives aimed at modernising and enhancing the efficiency of India's maritime sector. India’s presence as a maritime leader in the South Asia, make it more lucrative for global investors. This accomplishment not only boosts India's trade competitiveness but also contributes significantly to economic growth, job creation, and attracting foreign investments. The collaborative efforts of the government, port authorities, private sector, and international partners have been instrumental in this success. The Sagarmala programme, technological advancements, process optimisations, and skill development initiatives have collectively transformed Indian ports into world-class maritime hubs.
As India continues its path of economic development, the continued focus on port modernisation and efficiency will play a crucial role in sustaining high growth trajectory, enhancing trade competitiveness, and positioning India as a global maritime leader. With sustained efforts and strategic investments, the Indian maritime sector is poised for even greater achievements in the future, driving economic prosperity and contributing to the stability and sustainability of global markets.
